cervical cancer

cervical cancer
cancer of the neck (cervix) of the uterus. The tumour may develop from the surface epithelium of the cervix (squamous carcinoma) or from the epithelial lining of the cervical canal (adenocarcinoma). In both cases the tumour is invasive, spreading to involve surrounding tissue and subsequently to neighbouring lymph nodes and adjacent organs, such as the bladder and rectum. In carcinoma in situ (see cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) the tumour is confined to the epithelium: there is no invasion of surrounding tissue but, if untreated, it can become malignant. Cancer of the cervix can be detected in an early stage of development (see cervical smear, liquid-based cytology). Features of cervical cancer include vaginal discharge, often foul-smelling and usually blood-stained. Treatment is by irradiation or surgery, or a combination of both, and cytotoxic drugs may also be used. See also human papillomavirus.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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