Vitamins

Vitamins
The word "vitamin" was coined in 1911 by the Warsaw-born biochemist Casimir Funk (1884-1967). At the Lister Institute in London, Funk isolated a substance that prevented nerve inflammation (neuritis) in chickens raised on a diet deficient in that substance. He named the substance "vitamine" because he believed it was necessary to life and it was a chemical amine. The "e" at the end was later removed when it was recognized that vitamins need not be amines. The letters (A, B, C and so on) were assigned to the vitamins in the order of their discovery. The one exception was vitamin K which was assigned its "K" from "Koagulation" by the Danish researcher Henrik Dam. Vitamin A: Retinol. Carotene compounds responsible for transmitting light sensation in the retina of the eye. Deficiency leads to night blindness. Beta carotene: An antioxidant which protects cells against oxidation damage that can lead to cancer. Beta carotene is converted, as needed, to vitamin A. Food sources of beta carotene include vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach and other leafy green vegetables; and fruit such as cantaloupes and apricots. Excessive carotene in the diet can temporarily yellow the skin, a condition called carotenemia, commonly seen in infants fed largely mushed carrots. Vitamin B1: Thiamin, acts as a coenzyme in body metabolism. Deficiency leads to beriberi, a disease of the heart and nervous system. Vitamin B2: Riboflavin, essential for the reactions of coenzymes. Deficiency causes inflammation of the lining of the mouth and skin. Vitamin B3: Niacin, an essential part of coenzymes of body metabolism. Deficiency causes inflammation of the skin, vagina, rectum and mouth, as well as mental slowing. Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine, a cofactor for enzymes. Deficiency leads to inflammation of the skin and mouth, nausea, vomiting, dizziness , weakness and anemia. Folate (folic acid): Folic acid is an important factor in nucleic acid synthesis (the genetic material). Folate deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B12: An essential factor in nucleic acid synthesis (the genetic material of all cells). Deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia, as can be seen in pernicious anemia. Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid, important in the synthesis of collagen, the framework protein for tissues of the body. Deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by fragile capillaries, poor wound healing, and bone deformity in children. Vitamin D: A steroid vitamin which promotes absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Under normal conditions of sunlight exposure, no dietary supplementation is necessary because sunlight promotes adequate vitamin D synthesis in the skin. Deficiency can lead to osteomalacia in adults and bone deformity (rickets) in children. Vitamin E: Deficiency can lead to anemia. Vitamin K: An essential factor in the formation of blood clotting factors. Deficiency can lead to abnormal bleeding.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • vitamins — vitamins. См. витамины. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • vitamins K2 — vitamin K2 vitamin K2, vitamins K2 vitamins K2 . one of the two K vitamins, actually a mixture of homologous fat soluble substituted naphthoquinones (called {menaquinones}), ({C11H7O2[C5H8]nH}), where n may be 1 to 13 but is mostly 7 to 9. The… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • vitamins — n. to take vitamins * * * to take vitamins …   Combinatory dictionary

  • vitamins — Low molecular weight organic compounds of which small amounts are essential components of the food supply for a particular animal or plant. For humans Vitamin A, the B series, C, D1 and D2, E, and K are required. Deficiencies of one or more… …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • vitamins — ▪ Table The vitamins vitamin alternative names/forms biological function symptoms of deficiency Water soluble thiamin vitamin B1 component of a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism; supports normal nerve function impairment of the nerves and heart …   Universalium

  • vitamins — mega·vitamins; …   English syllables

  • vitamins — vitaminai statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Biologiškai aktyvios medžiagos, būtinos organizmo gyvybinei veiklai palaikyti. atitikmenys: angl. vitamins rus. витамины …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • vitamins — vitaminai statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Biologiškai veiklūs organiniai junginiai, būtini normaliai organizmo medžiagų apykaitai ir gyvybinei veiklai. Organizmui jų reikia labai nedaug (paros norma nuo kelių mikrogramų iki… …   Sporto terminų žodynas

  • Vitamins (short story) — Vitamins is a short story by Raymond Carver that was originally published in 1984 in his collection titled Cathedral. The Story Vitamins begins with an unnamed male narrator telling the story of how his wife starts a home business selling… …   Wikipedia

  • Vitamins and Crash Helmets Tour - Greatest Hits Live — Infobox Album Name = Vitamins Crash Helmets Tour Greatest Hits Live Type = live Artist = Dangerous Toys Released = 1999 Recorded = Genre = Heavy metal Length = Label = Cleopatra Producer = Reviews = *Allmusic Rating|3|5… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”