Shoulder

Shoulder
The shoulder has two main bones: the scapula (the shoulder blade) and the humerus (the long bone of the upper arm). The end of the scapula, called the glenoid, is a socket into which the head of the humerus fits to form a flexible ball-and-socket joint. The shoulder joint is cushioned by cartilage that covers the face of the glenoid socket and head of the humerus. The joint is stabilized by a ring of fibrous cartilage around the glenoid socket that is called the labrum. Ligaments connect the bones of the shoulder and tendons join the bones to surrounding muscles. The biceps tendon attaches the biceps muscle to the shoulder and helps stabilize the joint. Four short muscles that originate on the scapula pass around the shoulder where their tendons fuse together to form the rotator cuff. The scapula is an unusually shaped bone. It extends up and around the shoulder joint at the rear to create a roof called the acromion and around the shoulder joint at the front to constitute the coracoid process.
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1. The lateral portion of the scapular region, where the scapula joins with the clavicle and humerus and is covered by the rounded mass of the deltoid muscle. 2. In dentistry, the ledge formed by the junction of the gingival and axial walls in extracoronal restorative preparations. [A.S. sculder]
- frozen s. SYN: adhesive capsulitis.

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shoul·der 'shōl-dər n
1) the laterally projecting part of the human body formed of the bones and joints with their covering tissue by which the arm is connected with the trunk
2) the two shoulders and the upper part of the back usu. used in pl.

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n.
the ball-and-socket joint (see enarthrosis) between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the upper end (head) of the humerus. It is a common site of dislocation. The joint is surrounded by a capsule closely associated with many tendons: it is the site of many strains and inflammations ('cuff injuries').

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shoul·der (shōlґdər) the junction of the upper limb and trunk; also that part of the trunk that is bounded at the back by the scapula. See also regio deltoidea.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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Synonyms:
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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Shoulder — Shoul der, n. [OE. shulder, shuldre, schutder, AS. sculdor; akin to D. schoulder, G. schulter, OHG. scultarra, Dan. skulder, Sw. skuldra.] 1. (Anat.) The joint, or the region of the joint, by which the fore limb is connected with the body or with …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • shoulder — [shōl′dər] n. [ME schuldere < OE sculdor, akin to Ger schulter < IE * skḷdhrā, shoulder blade used as a spade < base * (s)kel , to cut > SHELL, SHILLING, SKULL] 1. a) the joint connecting the arm or forelimb with the body b) the part… …   English World dictionary

  • shoulder — ► NOUN 1) the joint between the upper arm or forelimb and the main part of the body. 2) a joint of meat from the upper foreleg and shoulder blade of an animal. 3) a part of something resembling a shoulder, in particular a point at which a steep… …   English terms dictionary

  • Shoulder — Shoul der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shouldered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Shouldering}.] 1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence; to jostle. [1913 Webster] As they the earth would shoulder from her seat. Spenser. [1913 Webster] Around… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • shoulder — O.E. sculdor, from W.Gmc. *skuldro (Cf. M.Du. scouder, Du. schouder, O.Fris. skoldere, M.L.G. scholder, O.H.G. scultra, Ger. Schulter), of unknown origin, perhaps related to SHIELD (Cf. shield). Meaning edge of the road is attested from 1933. The …   Etymology dictionary

  • Shoulder — Shoul der, v. i. To push with the shoulder; to make one s way, as through a crowd, by using the shoulders; to move swaying the shoulders from side to side. A yoke of the great sulky white bullocks . . . came shouldering along together. Kipling.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • shoulder — [v1] be responsible for accept, assume, bear, carry, take on, take upon oneself; concept 23 Ant. deny, refuse shoulder [v2] push, jostle bulldoze*, elbow, hustle, nudge, press, push aside, shove, thrust; concept 208 …   New thesaurus

  • shoulder — index assume (undertake), bear (support), bolster, maintain (sustain), underwrite Burton s Legal …   Law dictionary

  • Shoulder — Infobox Anatomy Name = PAGENAME Latin = articulatio humeri GraySubject = 81 GrayPage = 313 Caption = Diagram of the human shoulder joint Caption2 = Capsule of shoulder joint (distended). Anterior aspect. Width = 300 Precursor = System = Artery =… …   Wikipedia

  • shoulder — shoul|der1 W2S2 [ˈʃəuldə US ˈʃouldər] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(body part)¦ 2¦(clothes)¦ 3¦(meat)¦ 4 be looking over your shoulder 5 6 shoulder to shoulder 7 on somebody s shoulders 8 put your shoulder to the wheel 9¦(road side)¦ …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • shoulder — [[t]ʃo͟ʊldə(r)[/t]] ♦♦ shoulders, shouldering, shouldered 1) N COUNT: oft poss N Your shoulders are between your neck and the tops of your arms. She led him to an armchair, with her arm round his shoulder... He glanced over his shoulder and saw… …   English dictionary

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