Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
A nucleic acid molecule similar to DNA but containing ribose rather than deoxyribose. RNA is formed upon a DNA template. There are several classes of RNA molecules. They play crucial roles in protein synthesis and other cell activities: {{}}Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that reflects the exact nucleoside sequence of the genetically active DNA. mRNA carries the "message" of the DNA to the cytoplasm of cells where protein is made in amino acid sequences specified by the mRNA. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a short-chain type of RNA present in cells. There are 20 varieties of tRNA. Each variety combines with a specific amino acid and carries it along (transfers it), leading to the formation of protein with a specific amino acid arrangement dictated by DNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA functions as a nonspecific site for making polypeptides.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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  • RNA (abréviation de Ribonucleic Acid) — ● RNA (abréviation de Ribonucleic Acid) Terminologie anglo saxonne pour acide ribonucléique (A.R.N.) …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • ribonucleic acid — [rī΄bō no͞o klē′ik, rī΄bōnyo͞oklē′ik] n. [< RIBO(SE) + NUCLEIC ACID] RNA …   English World dictionary

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  • ribonucleic acid — (RNA) Long chain polymers of ribose and certain organic bases; differing from DNA in using the base uracil and usually single stranded …   Dictionary of invertebrate zoology

  • ribonucleic acid — (RNA; ri bo nu kle ik) A polynucleotide composed of ribonucleotides joined by phosphodiester bridges …   Dictionary of microbiology

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  • ribonucleic acid — RNA, part of the cell nucleus that is involved in heredity of genesri·bo·nu·cle·ic ac·id || ‚raɪbəʊnuː klɪːɪk‚æsɪd / nju …   English contemporary dictionary

  • ribonucleic acid — A macromolecule consisting of ribonucleoside residues connected by phosphate from the 3′ hydroxyl of one to the 5′ hydroxyl of the next nucleoside. RNA is found in all cells, in both nuclei and cytoplasm and in particulate and nonparticulate form …   Medical dictionary

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