superantigen

superantigen
An antigen that interacts with the T-cell receptor in a domain outside the antigen recognition site. This interaction induces the activation of larger numbers of T cells than are induced by antigens that are presented in the antigen recognition site leading to the release of numerous cytokines. SEE ALSO: antigen.

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su·per·an·ti·gen -'ant-i-jən n a substance (as an enterotoxin) that acts as an antigen capable of stimulating much larger numbers of T cells than an ordinary antigen
su·per·an·ti·gen·ic -.ant-i-'jen-ik adj

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su·per·an·ti·gen (soo″pər-anґtĭ-jən) any of a group of powerful antigens occurring in various bacteria and viruses that binds outside of the normal T cell receptor site and is able to react with multiple T cell receptor molecules of a given β chain variable element, regardless of their α chain sequence, thus activating T cells nonspecifically. Included are staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxins causing toxic shock syndrome and exfoliative dermatitis.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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