Dystonia

Dystonia
Involuntary movements and prolonged muscle contraction, resulting in twisting body motions, tremor, and abnormal posture. These movements may involve the entire body, or only an isolated area. Symptoms may even be "task specific," such as writer’s cramp. Dystonia can be inherited, occur sporadically without any genetic pattern, or be associated with medications or diseases (for example, a specific form of lung cancer). The gene responsible for at least one form of dystonia has recently been identified. Some types of dystonia respond to dopamine, or
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A state of abnormal (either hypo- or hyper-) tonicity in any of the tissues resulting in impairment of voluntary movement. [dys- + G. tonos, tension]
- d. lenticularis d. resulting from a lesion of the lenticulate nucleus.
- d. musculorum deformans a genetic, environmental, or idiopathic disorder, usually beginning in childhood or adolescence, marked by muscular contractions that distort the spine, limbs, hips, and sometimes the cranial-innervated muscles. The abnormal movements are increased by excitement and, at least initially, abolished by sleep. The musculature is hypertonic when in action, hypotonic when at rest. Hereditary forms usually begin with involuntary posturing of the foot or hand (autosomal recessive form [MIM*224500]) or of the neck or trunk (autosomal dominant form [MIM*128100]); both forms may progress to produce contortions of the entire body. SYN: torsion disease of childhood, torsion d., Ziehen-Oppenheim disease.
- torsion d. SYN: d. musculorum deformans.

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dys·to·nia dis-'tō-nē-ə n a state of disordered tonicity of tissues (as of muscle)
dys·ton·ic -'tän-ik adj

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n.
muscle dysfunction characterized by spasms or abnormal muscle contraction. One form is a postural disorder often associated with disease of the basal ganglia in the brain. There may be spasm in the muscles of the face, shoulders, neck, trunk, and limbs; the arm is often held in a rotated position and the head may be drawn back and to one side. Other forms of dystonia include torticollis, blepharospasm, and writer's cramp. Dystonic conditions, including blepharospasm, may be helped by the injection of botulinum toxin.
• dystonic adj.

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dys·to·nia (dis-toґne-ə) [dys- + ton- + -ia] dyskinetic movements due to disordered tonicity of muscle; cf. dyskinesia. dystonic adj

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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  • Dystonia, cranial — A term used to describe dystonia that affects the muscles of the head, face, and neck. Oromandibular dystonia affects the muscles of the jaw, lips, and tongue. The jaw may be pulled either open or shut, and speech and swallowing can be difficult …   Medical dictionary

  • Dystonia, torsion — A form of dystonia known as early onset torsion dystonia (also called idiopathic or generalized torsion dystonia) begins in childhood around the age of 12. Symptoms typically start in one part of the body, usually in an arm or leg, and eventually …   Medical dictionary

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  • Dystonia, dopa-responsive (DRD) — A condition that typically begins in childhood or adolescence with progressive difficulty in walking and, in some cases, spasticity and can be successfully treated with drugs. Segawa dystonia is an important variant of DRD. In Segawa dystonia,… …   Medical dictionary

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