chi-square test

chi-square test
any statistical hypothesis test that employs the chi-square (χ2) distribution (q.v.), especially two tests applied to categorical data: the χ2-test of goodness of fit, which tests whether an observed frequency distribution fits a specified theoretical model, and the χ2-test of independence or homogeneity, which tests whether two or more series of frequencies (the rows and columns of a contingency table) are independent. In both cases the test statistic is the sum over all categories of the squared difference between the observed and expected frequencies divided by the expected frequency, under the null hypothesis. The sampling distribution of this χ2-statistic approaches the χ2-distribution as the sample size increases, under the null hypothesis.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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