anneal
- anneal
1. To soften or
temper a
metal by controlled heating and cooling; the
process makes a
metal more easily adapted, bent, or swaged, and less brittle.
2. In
dentistry, to
heat gold leaf preparatory to its
insertion into a
cavity, in
order to remove adsorbed gases and other contaminants.
3. The pairing of complementary single strands of DNA; or of DNA-RNA.
4. The
attachment of the ends of two macromolecules; e.g., two microtubules annealing to
form one longer
microtubule.
5. In
molecular biology, annealing is a
process in which short sections of single-stranded DNA from one source are
bound to a
filter and incubated with single-stranded, radioactively
conjugated DNA from a second source. Where the two sets of DNA possess complementary sequences of nucleotides,
bonding occurs. The
degree of relatedness (
homology) of the two sets of DNA is then estimated according to the
radioactivity level of the
filter. This
technique plays a central
role in the
classification of
bacteria and viruses. SYN:
nucleic acid hybridization. [A.S. anaelan, to
burn]
* * *
1) to heat and then cool (as steel or glass) usu. for softening and making less brittle
2) to heat and then cool (double-stranded nucleic acid) in order to separate strands and induce combination at lower temperatures esp. with complementary strands
vi to be capable of combining with complementary nucleic acid by a process of heating and cooling
<some bacterial nucleic acid \anneals well with eukaryotic DNA>
* * *
an·neal (ə-nēlґ) 1. to heat a material, such as glass or metal, followed by controlled cooling to remove internal stresses and induce a desired degree of toughness, temper, or softness of the material. 2. to homogenize an amalgam alloy ingot by heating it in an oven. 3. to degas; see degassing (def. 2). 4. in molecular biology, to cause the association or reassociation of single-stranded nucleic acids so that double-stranded molecules are formed, often by heating followed by cooling.
Medical dictionary.
2011.
Synonyms:
Look at other dictionaries:
Anneal — An*neal , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Annealed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Annealing}.] [OE. anelen to heat, burn, AS. an?lan; an on + ?lan to burn; also OE. anelen to enamel, prob. influenced by OF. neeler, nieler, to put a black enamel on gold or silver, F.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
anneal — (v.) O.E. onælan to set on fire, kindle, from on on + ælan to burn, bake, from P.Gmc. *ailan, probably [Watkins] from PIE *ai to burn (see ASH (Cf. ash) (1)); related to O.E. æled fire, firebrand, O.N … Etymology dictionary
anneal — ► VERB ▪ heat (metal or glass) and allow it to cool slowly, so as to toughen it. ORIGIN Old English, «set on fire» … English terms dictionary
anneal — [ə nēl′] vt. [ME anelen < OE anælan, to burn < an , ON + ælan, to burn < al, æl, fire] 1. Obs. to fire or glaze, as in a kiln 2. to heat (glass, metals, etc.) and then cool, sometimes slowly, to prevent brittleness 3. to strengthen and… … English World dictionary
anneal — verb a) To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen. There was more than one way to anneal them with regards to resolve. b) To strengthen or harden … Wiktionary
anneal — The formation of double strands from two complementary single strands of DNA and/or RNA. In the second step of each PCR cycle, primers bind or anneal to the 3’ end of the target sequence … Forensic science glossary
anneal — /əˈnil/ (say uh neel) verb (t) 1. to heat (glass, earthenware, metals, etc.) to remove or prevent internal stress. 2. to free from internal stress by heating and gradually cooling. 3. to toughen or temper: to anneal the mind. {Middle English… …
Anneal to temper — Anneal to temper. См. Смягчающий отжиг. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) … Словарь металлургических терминов
anneal — verb Etymology: Middle English anelen to set on fire, from Old English onǣlan, from on + ǣlan to set on fire, burn, from āl fire; akin to Old English ǣled fire, Old Norse eldr Date: 1664 transitive verb 1 … New Collegiate Dictionary
anneal — annealer, n. /euh neel /, v.t. 1. to heat (glass, earthenware, metals, etc.) to remove or prevent internal stress. 2. to free from internal stress by heating and gradually cooling. 3. to toughen or temper. 4. Biochem. to recombine (nucleic acid… … Universalium