Acid, amino

Acid, amino
One of the 20 building blocks of protein. The sequence of amino acids in a protein and, hence, the function of that protein are determined by the genetic code in the DNA. Amino acids are molecules that (in technical terms) contain a basic amino (NH2) group, an acidic carboxyl (COOH) group and a side chain attached to an alpha carbon atom. The 20 amino acids are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. The term "amino acids" dates to the middle of the 19th century. The idea that amino acids are "Bausteine" (building stones) came from the Nobel Prize winning German biochemist Albrecht Kossel (1853-1927).

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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  • amino acid — n. Biochem. any of a group of organic compounds containing both the carboxyl (COOH) and amino (NH2) group, occurring naturally in plant and animal tissues and forming the basic constituents of proteins. Etymology: AMINE + ACID * * * amino acid… …   Useful english dictionary

  • amino-sugar — Monosaccharide in which an OH group is replaced with an amino group; often acetylated. Common examples are D galactosamine, D glucosamine, neuraminic acid, muramic acid. Amino sugars are important constituents of bacterial cell walls, some… …   Dictionary of molecular biology

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  • amino acid — n. 1. any of a large group of organic acids containing a carboxyl group, COOH, and an amino group, NH2 2. any of the 25 amino acids that link together into polypeptide chains to form proteins that are necessary for all life: in general, they are… …   English World dictionary

  • amino acid transmitters — Amino acids released as neurotransmitter substances from nerve terminals and acting on postsynaptic receptors eg. g aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine that are fast inhibitory transmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. Glutamate and… …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • Amino acid oxidoreductases — are oxidoreductases, a type of enzyme, that act upon amino acids.They constitute the majority of enzymes classified under EC number 1.4, with most of the remainder being monoamine oxidases.Examples include: * Glutamate dehydrogenase * Nitric… …   Wikipedia

  • Acid dye — is a member of a class of dye that is applied from an acidic solution. In the home or art studio, the acid used in the dyebath is often vinegar (acetic acid) or citric acid. The uptake rate of the dye is controlled with the use of sodium chloride …   Wikipedia

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