efficient+cause
71Spinoza: metaphysics and knowledge — G.H.R.Parkinson The philosophical writings of Spinoza are notoriously obscure, and they have been interpreted in many ways. Some interpreters see Spinoza as (in the words of a contemporary)1 ‘the reformer of the new [sc. Cartesian] philosophy’.… …
72Causality — (but not causation) denotes a necessary relationship between one event (called cause) and another event (called effect) which is the direct consequence (result) of the first. [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=Causality x=35 y=25 Random… …
73Teleology — • From Greek telos, end, and logos, science Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Teleology Teleology † …
74Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …
75Natural philosophy — For the current in the 19th century German idealism, see Naturphilosophie. A celestial map from the 17th century, by the Dutch cartographer Frederik De Wit. Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis), is a… …
76Aristotle the philosopher of nature — David Furley 1 THE TREATISES ON NATURE The subject matter of the present chapter is what Aristotle has to say about the natural world the subject that in classical Greek is most accurately rendered as ta physika. But of course this includes many… …
77Occasionalism — • The metaphysical theory which maintains that finite things have no efficient causality of their own, but that whatever happens in the world is caused by God, creatures being merely the occasions of the Divine activity. Catholic Encyclopedia.… …
78Indian philosophy — Any of the numerous philosophical systems developed on the Indian subcontinent, including both orthodox (astika) systems, namely, the Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, and Vedanta schools of philosophy, and unorthodox (nastika) systems …
79Creation — • Like other words of the same ending, the term creation signifies both an action and the object or effect thereof. Thus, in the latter sense, we speak of the kingdoms of creation , the whole creation , and so on Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin… …
80Nature (philosophy) — Nature is a concept with two major sets of inter related meanings, referring on the one hand to the things which are natural, or subject to the normal working of laws of nature , or on the other hand to the essential properties and causes of… …
